Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on July 28, 2005
Molecular Human Reproduction 2005 11(7):517-522; doi:10.1093/molehr/gah193
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Temporal progression of recombination in human males
1Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1, 2Department of Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2T 5C7 and 3Departments of Urology, Obstetrics amp; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1695, USA
4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2T 5C7. E-mail: rhmartin{at}ucalgary.ca
To date, immunocytology has been used in humans to detect a limited number of meiotic proteins: components of the synaptonemal complex (SCP1 and SCP3) and some proteins known to participate in recombination events, such as MLH1 or RAD51. However, the colocalization or coexistence of proteins known to participate during the different stages of human meiosis remains largely unstudied, and these studies could provide important clues about the mechanics of recombination. This work reports the relative timing and localization of five different meiotic proteins that have previously been implicated in human homologous recombination [RAD51, replication protein A (RPA), MSH4, MLH1 and MLH3]. MSH4 foci appear concurrently with synapsis initiation at zygotene, shortly after the first RAD51 foci are detected. The presence of RPA in MSH4 foci was noted, suggesting that these two proteins may act co-operatively. Both RPA and MSH4 foci reach maximal numbers at the end of zygotene, when synapsis is concluding. From this point, RPA foci all but disappear by the end of pachytene, whereas MSH4 foci decline to a stable number at mid-pachytene, where they localize with MLH1/MLH3 recombination sites. We discuss a possible role for MSH4 in synapsis initiation and/or maintenance.
Key words: human/meiotic recombination/MSH4/RAD51/synapsis
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