Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on July 28, 2005
Molecular Human Reproduction 2005 11(8):583-590; doi:10.1093/molehr/gah200
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Capacitation-dependent concentration of lipid rafts in the apical ridge head area of porcine sperm cells
1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2The Reproductive Biology and Genetics Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 3Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, 4School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and 5Department of Farm Animal Health, Graduate School of Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands, E-mail: b.gadella{at}vet.uu.nl
Lipid architecture of the plasma membrane plays an important role in the capacitation process of the sperm cell. During this process, an increase in membrane fluidity takes place, which coincides with a redistribution of cholesterol to the apical region of the head plasma membrane and subsequently an efflux of cholesterol. Cholesterol is also a major player in the formation of lipid rafts or microdomains in the membrane. Lipid rafts favour specific proteinprotein interactions by concentrating certain proteins in these microdomains while excluding others. In this study, we investigated the organization of lipid rafts during in vitro capacitation of boar sperm cells. We report on the presence of the lipid raft-specific proteins caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 in sperm cells. Capacitation induced a change in membrane distribution of these proteins. Lipid analysis on detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) of sperm cells indicated that capacitation induces a lipid raft concentration rather than a disintegration of lipid rafts, because the total amount of lipid in the DRM fraction remained unaltered. Using a proteomic approach, we identified several major DRM proteins, including proteins involved in capacitation-dependent processes and zona pellucida binding. Our data indicate that sperm raft reorganization may facilitate capacitation-specific signalling events and binding to the zona pellucida.
Key words: caveolin/cholesterol/cycloolextein/detergent-resistant membrane/flotillin/in vitro fertilization/porcine sperm/proteomics
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