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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on November 29, 2007
Molecular Human Reproduction 2008 14(2):107-116; doi:10.1093/molehr/gam080
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Hormone control and expression of androgen receptor coregulator MAGE-11 in human endometrium during the window of receptivity to embryo implantation

Suxia Bai1,2, Gail Grossman1,3, Lingwen Yuan1,4, Bruce A. Lessey1,6, Frank S. French1,2, Steven L. Young1,4 and Elizabeth M. Wilson1,2,5,7

1Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 2Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 3Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 5Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 6Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Group, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA

7 Correspondence address. Tel: +919-966-5168; Fax: +919-966-2203; E-mail: emw{at}med.unc.edu

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the male and female reproductive tracts whose activity is modulated by coregulator binding. We recently identified melanoma antigen gene protein-11 (MAGE-11) of the MAGEA gene family that functions as an AR coregulator by binding the AR N-terminal FXXLF motif. Here we report that MAGE-11 is expressed in a temporal fashion in endometrium of normally cycling women. Highest levels of MAGE-11 mRNA and protein occur in the mid-secretory stage, coincident with the window of uterine receptivity to embryo implantation. Studies in human endometrial cell lines together with the hormone profile of the menstrual cycle and pattern of estrogen receptor-{alpha} expression in cycling endometrium suggest the rise in MAGE-11 mRNA results from down-regulation by estradiol during the proliferative phase and up-regulation by cyclic AMP signaling in the early and mid-secretory stage. In agreement with its coregulatory function, MAGE-11 localizes with AR in glandular epithelial cell nuclei in the mid-secretory stage. The increase in AR protein in the mid-secretory endometrium without an increase in AR mRNA suggests MAGE-11 stabilizes AR in glandular epithelial cell nuclei. This was supported by expression studies at low androgen levels indicating AR stabilization by MAGE-11 dependent on the AR N-terminal transactivation domain. The results suggest that MAGE-11 functions as a coregulator that increases AR transcriptional activity during the establishment of uterine receptivity in the human female.

Key words: androgen receptor/human endometrium/melanoma antigen gene protein 11 (MAGE-11)/estrogen receptor/cyclic AMP

Submitted on August 9, 2007; resubmitted on November 6, 2007; accepted on November 26, 2007.


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