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Molecular Human Reproduction Vol. 2, NUMBER 4 pp. 273-276, 1996
© European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 1996

research-article

Premplantation embryology

F. Khamsi1,2,5, D.T. Armstrong3 and X. Zhang4

1Toronto Fertility Sterility Institute 66 Avenue Road, Toronto, Ontario M5R 3N8 2Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto Toronto 3Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada

To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 5To whom correspondence should be addressed

During embryo implantation in the human trophoblast cells invade the endometrium and plasminogen activators (PA) are implicated in this tissue invasion process. Our studies on surplus embryos from patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments showed that PA activity was present in secretions of blastocysts but not embryos at the 2–4-cell stage. The secretion of this PA activity by blastocysts was increased by the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the embryo cultures. This PA activity had a molecular weight similar to that of urokinase-type PA (uPA). The mRNA for uPA was present in blastocysts, as determined by the reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. These data indicate that uPA is produced by human preimplantion embryos and may play a role in early human development and embryo implantation.

epidermal growth factor/human embryos/implantation/plasminogen activator/urokinase


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