Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol 4, 503-507, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
RP Barroso, C Osuamkpe, M Nagamani and C Yallampalli
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of a nitric oxide
(NO) donor on embryo development in vitro and on implantation of embryos in
vivo in mice. Mouse embryos (2-cell) were incubated in media containing
different concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO), a nitric oxide
donor, and development was monitored daily for 4 days. Specificity of NO
effects was assessed by using DETA without NO or 48 h preincubated DETA/NO.
In in-vivo studies, mated mice were continuously infused, subcutaneously,
with various concentrations of DETA/NO or DETA through mini-osmotic pumps
(from day 1 of pregnancy), and implantations in the uterus were assessed on
day 6. None of the embryos progressed beyond 4-cell stage when exposed to
0.1 or 1.0 mM DETA/NO compared with 94.5% of control embryos that developed
beyond the morula stage by day 4. Embryo development was unaffected by
lower (0.001 and 0.01 mM) concentrations of DETA/NO, 48 h preincubated
DETA/NO, or DETA only. Infusion of DETA/NO to mice caused inhibition of
embryo implantation in a dose-dependent manner. No implantation sites were
observed in mice infused with a daily dose of 20 micromol DETA/NO rate,
compared with an implantation rate of 81.8% in control or DETA-treated
mice. This study demonstrates for the first time that higher concentrations
of NO inhibit both embryo development in vitro and implantation in vivo in
mice.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nitric oxide inhibits development of embryos and implantation in mice
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1062, USA.
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