Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol. 8, No. 10, 900-905,
October 2002
© 2002 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Testis and spermatogenesis |
The role of insulin 3, testosterone, Müllerian inhibiting substance and relaxin in rat gubernacular growth
1 F.Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and 2 The Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Transabdominal testicular descent is influenced by various anatomical and hormonal factors and is mediated by gubernacular enlargement and regression of the cranial suspensory ligament, but its mechanism remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine which hormones have a direct effect on the proliferation of cells in the day 17 fetal rat gubernaculum in vitro, using an organ culture system. The effects of synthetic rat insulin 3 (INSL3), inactive INSL3, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), DHT+INSL3, human Müllerian inhibiting substance (hMIS), hMIS+INSL3 and human gene 2 relaxin were tested, together with co-culture with fetal rat testis. Cell proliferation was assessed using a bromodeoxyuridine labelling index. The results showed that MIS and relaxin have a mild effect on gubernacular growth, whilst INSL3 and DHT have a more marked effect. The combination of MIS+INSL3 showed an effect close to that of co-culture with testis. However, the most pronounced effect was caused by DHT+INSL3. RT–PCR analysis indicated that the fetal rat gubernaculum strongly expresses putative INSL3 receptors, weakly expresses MIS type II receptors and does not express relaxin receptors. In conclusion, a number of different hormones directly influence growth of the gubernaculum in vitro, including the recently reported hormone INSL3. INSL3 shows a direct stimulatory effect on the swelling reaction, while DHT and MIS may have roles in augmenting this growth.
gubernaculum/INSL3/relaxin/testis descent
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of General Surgery, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail: hutsonj{at}cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Ivell and R. Anand-Ivell Biology of insulin-like factor 3 in human reproduction Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2009; 15(4): 463 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Ribarski, O. Lehavi, L. Yogev, R. Hauser, B. Bar-Shira Maymon, A. Botchan, G. Paz, H. Yavetz, and S.E. Kleiman USP26 gene variations in fertile and infertile men Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2009; 24(2): 477 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Foresta, D. Zuccarello, A. Garolla, and A. Ferlin Role of Hormones, Genes, and Environment in Human Cryptorchidism Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2008; 29(5): 560 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Tyl, C. B. Myers, M. C. Marr, C. S. Sloan, N. P. Castillo, M. M. Veselica, J. C. Seely, S. S. Dimond, J. P. Van Miller, R. S. Shiotsuka, et al. Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Evaluation of Dietary 17{beta}-Estradiol (E2; CAS No. 50-28-2) in CD-1 (Swiss) Mice Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2008; 102(2): 392 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Novak, L. J. Parry, J. E. Matthews, L. J. Kerchner, K. Indovina, K. Hanley-Yanez, K. D. Doty, D. O. Debrah, S. G. Shroff, and K. P. Conrad Evidence for local relaxin ligand-receptor expression and function in arteries FASEB J, November 1, 2006; 20(13): 2352 - 2362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Delbes, C. Levacher, and R. Habert Estrogen effects on fetal and neonatal testicular development. Reproduction, October 1, 2006; 132(4): 527 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Del Borgo, R. A. Hughes, R. A. D. Bathgate, F. Lin, K. Kawamura, and J. D. Wade Analogs of Insulin-like Peptide 3 (INSL3) B-chain Are LGR8 Antagonists in Vitro and in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., May 12, 2006; 281(19): 13068 - 13074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Fu, P-J Shen, C-X Zhao, D J Scott, C S Samuel, J D Wade, G W Tregear, R A D Bathgate, and A L Gundlach Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 8 in mature glomeruli of developing and adult rat kidney and inhibition by insulin-like peptide-3 of glomerular cell proliferation. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2006; 189(2): 397 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Bathgate, R. Ivell, B. M. Sanborn, O. D. Sherwood, and R. J. Summers International Union of Pharmacology LVII: Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Receptors for Relaxin Family Peptides. Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2006; 58(1): 7 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Delbes, C. Levacher, C. Duquenne, C. Racine, P. Pakarinen, and R. Habert Endogenous Estrogens Inhibit Mouse Fetal Leydig Cell Development via Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Endocrinology, May 1, 2005; 146(5): 2454 - 2461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. D. Sherwood Relaxin's Physiological Roles and Other Diverse Actions Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2004; 25(2): 205 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ferlin, M. Simonato, L. Bartoloni, G. Rizzo, A. Bettella, T. Dottorini, B. Dallapiccola, and C. Foresta The INSL3-LGR8/GREAT Ligand-Receptor Pair in Human Cryptorchidism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 4273 - 4279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Fisher, S. Macpherson, N. Marchetti, and R. M. Sharpe Human 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome': a possible model using in-utero exposure of the rat to dibutyl phthalate Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2003; 18(7): 1383 - 1394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Klonisch, K. Steger, A. Kehlen, W. R. Allen, C. Froehlich, J. Kauffold, M. Bergmann, and S. Hombach-Klonisch INSL3 Ligand-Receptor System in the Equine Testis Biol Reprod, June 1, 2003; 68(6): 1975 - 1981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Ivell and S. Hartung The molecular basis of cryptorchidism Mol. Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 175 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|