Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1071-1078,
December 2002
© 2002 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Molecular endocrinology |
Effects of GnRH analogues, `add-back' steroid therapy, antiestrogen and antiprogestins on leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cell growth and transforming growth factor-ß expression*
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100294, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the biological significance of GnRH and antiprogestins and antiestrogen in leiomyoma and their interactions with ovarian steroid `add-back' therapy. Leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells (LSMC and MSMC) were isolated and exposed to GnRH agonist (leuprolide acetate, LA), 17ß-estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), GnRH antagonist (Antide), estrogen antagonist, ICI182780 (Fulvestrant) and progesterone antagonists RU486 (Mifepristone) and ZK98299 (Onapristone) and combinations thereof. The rate of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) expression were then determined. In both cell types, we found that in a dose-dependent manner, LA inhibited, whereas E2, MPA and the combination of E2 + MPA stimulated, the rate of DNA synthesis in these cells. Antide reversed the inhibitory effect of LA, while LA partly inhibited the stimulatory effect of the steroids. In addition, RU486, ICI182780 and ZK98299 at 0.1µmol/l or higher doses inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis and partly reversed the effects of E2 and/or MPA. We also found that LSMC expressed elevated levels of TGF-ß1 compared with MSMC. In both cell types, the effects of LA, E2, MPA, RU, ZK and ICI and combinations thereof on TGF-ß1 production were reflective of their effects on DNA synthesis. In line with this, TGF-ß1 was found to stimulate DNA synthesis and the E2-, TGF-ß1- or E2 + TGF-ß1-induced DNA synthesis was found to be inhibited by TGF-ß1 neutralizing antibodies and/or LA. In conclusion, the results provide further evidence that GnRH agonist- and RU486-induced leiomyoma regression is mediated in part through an interactive mechanism that results in altered cell growth and suppression of TGF-ß production.
antiestrogen/antiprogestins/GnRH/leiomyoma/ovarian steroids
Notes
* Presented in part at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA, 2000.
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cheginin{at}obgyn.ufl.edu
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