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Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol. 9, No. 2, 97-101, February 2003
© 2003 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Article

Fractalkine (FRK) levels in amniotic fluid and its production during pregnancy

Submitted on March 14, 2002; resubmitted on September 24, 2002. accepted on October 30, 2002

Koichiro Shimoya1,3, Qing Zhang1, Kumiko Tenma1, Yukinobu Ota1, Kazumasa Hashimoto1, Yoshie Shizusawa1, Tadashi Kimura2, Masayasu Koyama1 and Yuji Murata1

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871 and 2 Department of Gynecology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan

3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: shimoya{at}gyne.med.osaka-u.ac.jp

Fractalkine is a new CX3C chemokine that has chemoattractant activity for T cells, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Western blot analysis revealed that fractalkine protein was detected as a 95 kDa band in both the amniotic fluid and the amnion during the second and third trimesters. Immunohistochemistry using an anti-fractalkine polyclonal antibody revealed positive staining of epithelial cells in amnion and trophoblasts in both the second and third trimesters. Neonatal urine also contained detectable amounts of fractalkine. RT–PCR detected fractalkine mRNA transcripts in the amnion. To determine whether fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1)-positive cells were present in amniotic fluid and amnion, we performed RT–PCR using specific primers for CX3CR1. CX3CR1-positive cells had migrated into the amniotic fluid and the amnion. The present findings suggest that fractalkine found in amniotic fluid may contribute to the immunodefence mechanism during pregnancy.

Key words: amnion/amniotic fluid/CX3CR1/fetal urine/fractalkine


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