Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol. 5, No. 3, 189-192,
March 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Sperm-induced calcium oscillations
Isolation of the Ca2+ releasing component(s) of mammalian sperm extracts: the search continues
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, and 2 The Center for Reproductive Medicine, The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center, 505 East 70th Street, HT-336, New York, NY 10021–4872, USA
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Introduction |
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During fertilization, mammalian oocytes of all the species studied to date exhibit a series of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevations which are responsible for triggering the activation of metaphase II (MII) oocytes (Miyazaki et al., 1993
). In the oviduct, MII oocytes age rapidly and signs of spontaneous resumption of meiosis appear at ~4 h post-ovulation, as demonstrated by a 20–25% decrease in histone H1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (Xu et al., 1997). Thus, the spermatozoa must rapidly meet, penetrate, and activate recently ovulated oocytes which cannot be easily activated by common parthenogenetic agents, e.g. ethanol or ionophores, and that induce a single Ca2+ response (Ozil, 1990; Vitullo and Ozil, 1992; Wu et al., 1998a). The spermatozoa, however, relying on the ability to generate oscillations, are able to initiate full activation in these oocytes. The molecular targets of these oscillations have not |
Oscillin/glucosamine phosphate deaminase (gpd) is not the active Ca2+ release component(s) of mammalian sperm fractions |
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Desirable functional features of sperm Ca2+ oscillogen |
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Possible mechanism(s) through which the sperm factor may function |
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IP3 receptor system is likely to be a Ca2+ release channel stimulated during the generation of oscillations by fertilization or injection of sperm fractions |
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Conclusions |
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Acknowledgments |
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Notes |
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References |
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