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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on April 20, 2007
Molecular Human Reproduction 2007 13(6):373-379; doi:10.1093/molehr/gam019
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Inhibition of progesterone production in human luteinized granulosa cells treated with LXR agonists

Véronique Drouineaud1, Paul Sagot2, Carmen Garrido3,4, Emmanuelle Logette3,4, Valérie Deckert3,4, Philippe Gambert3,4, Clément Jimenez1, Bart Staels5, Laurent Lagrost3,4 and David Masson3,4,6

1 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS Franche-Comté/Bourgogne EA Génétique et Reproduction 3185, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France 2 Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France 3 INSERM UMR 866, Faculté de Médecine, 7 Bd Jeanne d'arc, BP87900, Dijon 21079, France 4 IFR 100, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon, France 5 Institut Pasteur de Lille, Département d'Athérosclérose, Lille F-59019, France; Inserm, U545, Lille F-59019 France; Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté de Médecine, Lille F-59019, France

6 Correspondence address. INSERM UMR 866, Faculté de Médecine, 7 Bd Jeanne d'arc, BP87900, Dijon 21079, France. Tel: +33 3 80 39 32 63; Fax: +33 3 80 39 34 47; E-mail: david.masson{at}chu-dijon.fr

Progesterone production by luteal cells is dependent on the supply of cholesterol by lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to determine whether the liver X receptors (LXRs) contribute to cholesterol homeostasis and progesterone secretion in human luteinized granulosa cells. Cells were isolated from follicular aspirates of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Luteinization was induced by a 7-day treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin. LXR beta was expressed at higher levels than LXR alpha in granulosa cells and its expression was increased during luteinization. Treatment of luteinized granulosa cells by LXR agonists induced a significant time- and dose-dependent reduction in progesterone secretion (50% reductions after a 7-day treatment with 1-µM of either GW3965 or T0901317). mRNA levels of steroidogenic genes including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and P450 side-chain cleavage were only moderately affected by LXR activation, with a significant reduction that was observed at 10 µM agonist concentration. Cellular cholesterol was markedly reduced after treatment with LXR agonists as a result of an increased cholesterol efflux that was related to the induction of LXR target genes (ABCA1, ABCG1, apo E, PLTP). Our study identifies LXRs as new, key actors contributing to regulation of cholesterol metabolism and steroidogenesis in luteinized granulosa cells.

Key words: cholesterol/Liver X receptor/progesterone

Submitted on December 28, 2006; resubmitted on February 27, 2007; accepted on March 5, 2007.


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