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Molecular Human Reproduction, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1-4, January 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Sperm-induced calcium oscillations

Soluble factor, factors or receptors?

Brian Dale1, Marcella Marino and Martin Wilding

Stazione Zoologica `Anton Dohrn', Villa Comunale I, 80121 Napoli, Italy


   Introduction
 
The two questions posed by Tesarik (1998) and Swann et al. (1998) on the nature of sperm factor are: (i) if glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase is not the `so-called oscillogen', as shown by the recombinant studies of Wolosker et al. (1998), what is the nature of sperm factor?; and (ii) is there a dual mechanism for oocyte activation involving signals from soluble sperm factors together with signals generated by the interaction of the spermatozoon with receptors on the oocyte plasma membrane.

The debate really started in Edwardian times when it was shown that cortical granule exocytosis and oocyte activation in sea urchins were triggered by a component of the spermatozoon that enters the oocyte cytoplasm (Robertson, 1912Go; Loeb, 1913Go). Contrasting models emphasized the interaction of the spermatozoon with the external surface of the oocyte membrane (Lillie, 1922; Mazia et al., 1975Go). In the early 1980s, direct . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   What is the nature of soluble sperm factor?
 

   Are soluble sperm factors and membrane receptors jointly responsible for oocyte activation?
 

   Notes
 

   References
 

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