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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on January 31, 2006
Molecular Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/molehr/gal007
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received November 18, 2005
Accepted December 28, 2005

Article

Crossover frequency and synaptonemal complex length: their variability and effects on human male meiosis

M. Codina-Pascual 1 *, M. Campillo 2, J. Kraus 3, M.R. Speicher 3, J. Egozcue 1, J. Navarro 1, and J. Benet 1 *

1 Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular i Genètica Mèdica, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia
2 Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
3 Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität, München; GSF - Gesellschaft für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
M. Codina-Pascual, E-mail: montserrat.codina{at}uab.es
J. Benet, E-mail: jordi.benet{at}uab.es


  Abstract

In this study, immunocytogenetics has been used in combination with the subtelomere-specific multiplex-fluorescent in-situ hybridization (stM-FISH) assay to identify 4681 autosomal synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of two fertile men. Comparisons of crossover maps for each individual SC between two men with extremely different meiotic crossover frequencies show that a low crossover frequency results in (i) a higher frequency of XY pairs and of small SCs without MLH1 foci and (ii) lower frequency of crossovers in the proximity of centromeres. In both cases, the bivalents which most frequently lacked MLH1 foci were the XY pair and the SC21. Analysis of SC length showed that SC arms can be longer or shorter than the corresponding mitotic one. Moreover, for a given SC, the variation in length found in one arm was independent of the variation observed in the other one (e.g. SC1p arms are longer than SC1q arms). The results confirmed that reduction in the crossover frequency may increase the risk of achiasmate small bivalents and that interindividual differences in crossover frequency could explain the variability in the frequencies of aneuploidy in human sperm. How MLH1 foci are positioned within the SC is discussed based on detailed MLH1 foci distributions and interfoci distances. Finally, evidence that the variation of the SC arm length may reflect the abundance of open and of compact chromatin fibers in the arm is shown.

Keywords: aneuploidy/human crossover maps/meiosis/stM-FISH/synaptonemal complex.
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