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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on August 8, 2006
Molecular Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/molehr/gal069
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received April 10, 2006
Revised July 4, 2006
Accepted July 8, 2006

Article

Multiple displacement amplification improves PGD for fragile X syndrome

P. Burlet 1 *, N. Frydman 2, N. Gigarel 1, V. Kerbrat 3, G. Tachdjian 2, E. Feyereisen 3, J.-P. Bonnefont 1, R. Frydman 3, A. Munnich 1, and J. Steffann 1

1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Descartes, Unité INSERM U781 Institut de Recherche Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris
2 Service de Biologie et Génétique de la Reproduction, UPRES 3538, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
3 Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, UPRES 3538, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
P. Burlet, E-mail: burlet{at}necker.fr


  Abstract

We report an improvement in the PGD test for fragile X syndrome (FXS). Recently, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) has been reported to yield large amounts of DNA from single cells. Taking into account this technique, we developed a new PGD test for FXS, enabling combined analysis of linked polymorphic markers with the study of the non-expanded CGG repeat. Single cell amplification efficiency was first assessed on single lymphocytes. Amplification rate of the different markers ranged from 85 to 95% with an allele drop-out (ADO) rate comprised between 7 and 34%. Using this test, eight PGD cycles were carried out for six couples, and 37 embryos were analysed after preliminary MDA. Amplification rate was increased by this technique from 41 to 66% so that embryos with no results were rarer (14 versus 45% without MDA). Reliability of the test was considerably improved by combining direct with indirect genetic analysis. Furthermore, in cases of fully expanded alleles too large to be amplified by PCR, this test gives an internal amplification control. Embryonic transfers were carried out in all but one PGD cycles. One biochemical and one clinical pregnancy resulted, and a healthy child was born. This single diagnosis procedure could be suitable to most patients carrying FXS.

Keywords: fragile X syndrome/mental retardation/multiple displacement amplification/PGD.
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