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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on October 4, 2006
Molecular Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/molehr/gal082
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received July 11, 2006
Revised August 30, 2006
Accepted September 7, 2006

Article

Deficient expression of monoamine oxidase A in the endometrium is associated with implantation failure in women participating as recipients in oocyte donation

S. Henriquez 1, A. Tapia 1, M. Quezada 1, M. Vargas 1, H. Cardenas 1, M. Rios 1, A.M. Salvatierra 2, H. Croxatto 3, P. Orihuela 2, F. Zegers-Hochschild 4, D.J. Munroe 5, and L. Velasquez 1 *

1 Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
2 Instituto Chileno de Medicina Reproductiva, Santiago, Chile
3 Instituto Chileno de Medicina Reproductiva, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile
4 Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
5 Laboratory of Molecular Technology, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
L. Velasquez, E-mail: lvelasqu{at}lauca.usach.cl


  Abstract

Successful implantation depends both on the quality of the embryo and on the endometrial receptivity. The latter depends on progesterone-induced changes in gene expression, a process that has been characterized by microarray analysis. One of the genes whose transcription appears to be enhanced during the receptive period is monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Our first objective was to confirm the increased expression of MAO-A in the endometrium during the receptive phase of spontaneous normal cycles using real time PCR and immunofluorescence. The second objective was to examine the endometrial expression of MAO-A during the receptive phase induced by exogenous estradiol (E2) and progesterone in patients whose endometrium was shown to have been either receptive or non-receptive to embryo implantation in repeated cycles of oocyte donation. Results showed that MAO-A transcript levels increased between the pre-receptive (LH+3) and receptive phase (LH+7) in all spontaneous cycles examined, with a median increase of 25-fold. Immunofluorescent labelling demonstrated MAO-A localization to the glandular and luminal epithelium with an increasing positive score between LH+3 and LH+7. Conversely, prior failure of embryo implantation was associated with a 29-fold decrease in MAO-A mRNA levels and a substantial reduction in MAO-A protein immunofluorescent label score. These results show a strong association between endometrial receptivity and MAO-A expression in the endometrial epithelium, suggesting an important role for this enzyme in normal implantation.

Keywords: Monoamine oxidase A/endometrium/implantation failure/implantation window/oocyte donation.
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