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Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on January 29, 2009
Molecular Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/molehr/gap007
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Control of Homologous Chromosome Division in the Mammalian Oocyte

Janet E. Holt and Keith T. Jones

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308 Australia

Correspondence and reprint requests: Janet E. Holt. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308 Australia. Ph +61 0249218613, Fax +61 0249217903. Janet.Holt{at}newcastle.edu.au

Homologous chromosomes are segregated during the first meiotic division (meiosis I). Unfortunately human oocytes are particularly susceptible to mis-segregation errors, so generating aneuploid, often non-viable, embryos. Here we review the cell biology of meiosis I and how homolog disjunction is regulated for mammalian oocytes. We focus on the activity of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), which is responsible for timely degradation of the cohesin component, REC8 and the cyclin B regulatory subunit of Maturation-Promoting Factor, both essential steps for meiosis I completion. In particular we examine the role played by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in controlling APC/C activity, and in so doing ensuring accurate disjunction of homologs.

Key Words: oocyte/homologs/meiosis/recombination/aneuploidy

Summary sentence: Homologous chromosome segregation during oocyte meiosis is controlled by unique processes that when compromised contribute to aneuploidy.

Submitted on October 22, 2008; resubmitted on January 19, 2009; accepted on January 27, 2009.


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