Mol. Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on February 26, 2009
Molecular Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/molehr/gap014
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Insulin and leptin receptors as possible new candidates for endocrine control in normal and disturbed human pregnancy
aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Großhadern, Munich, Germany bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Maistrasse, Munich, Germany cLaboratory of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
c Correspondence Prof. Dr. med. Antonis Makrigiannakis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece Dr. med. Antonis Makrigiannakis Phone: +30 2810392131 Fax: +30 2810392131 E-Mail: makrigia{at}med.uoc.gr
Leptin and Insulin are secreted into the maternal and to a lesser extent into the fetal blood stream where they act as placental signals and nourish the fetus, making them possible candidates for the endocrine control of the placenta. We investigated differences in Leptin (LR) and Insulin receptor (IR) expression in normal and disturbed first trimester human pregnancy at protein level by immunohistochemistry and at mRNA level by real time RT-PCR (TaqMan).
Highest expression of LR and IR was present in villous (VT) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). In hydatidiform mole trophoblasts, significantly higher LR and IR expression was observed as compared to normal pregnancy. Additionally, LR and IR were also expressed in glandular epithelial cells of the decidua, again to the highest extent in hydatidiform mole as compared to normal pregnancy.
With regard to abortive placentas, significant differences were also present as compared to normal first trimester placenta in the expression of LR and IR in VT, EVT and in glandular epithelial cells of the decidua. Results at protein expression of LR and IR were confirmed at mRNA level.
The majority of IR and LR are expressed on structures that are currently assumed to drive placental growth. LR and IR are strongly up-regulated in placentas of hydatidiform mole and abortion. Our findings may suggest IR and LR as possible new candidates for the endocrine control of human pregnancy.
Key Words: abortion/first trimester pregnancy/hydatidiform mole/insulin receptor/leptin receptor
* both authors contributed equally
** both authors contributed equally
Submitted on September 6, 2008; resubmitted on February 14, 2009; accepted on February 17, 2009.